Server-side logic, APIs, databases, and system architecture.
REST is an architectural style using HTTP methods and stateless communication, where resources are identified by URLs.
REST uses fixed endpoints returning predefined data structures, while GraphQL provides a single endpoint with flexible queries for exactly the data needed.
Use consistent naming, meaningful HTTP status codes, clear error messages, good documentation, and predictable patterns throughout.
Common methods include API keys, JWT tokens, OAuth 2.0, and session-based auth, each suited for different security and use cases.
Validate all input, authenticate and authorize every request, use HTTPS, implement rate limiting, and never trust client data.
Use caching at multiple levels, horizontal scaling behind load balancers, rate limiting, and database optimization with read replicas.
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